What is tobacco mosaic disease
Tobacco mosaic disease (TMV), is a kind of virus disease that harms tobacco quality and yield and will cause huge economic losses to tobacco farmers. In serious cases, it is as high as 50%. The practice has shown that the prevention and control of tobacco mosaic disease have specific difficulties. However, if we adopt appropriate control technology that according to the practical situation,can reduce most of the losses to a certain extent.
Cause of tobacco mosaic diseases
Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) is an RNA virus and it is the causative agent of tobacco mosaic disease. This virus is exceptionally harmful to tobacco and it is the most widely distributed and most common type of disease in tobacco production. Except for the tobacco mosaic disease, tomato mosaic disease also have been known for a long time. Mosaic symptoms appear on the leaves, the leaves are often deformed and the growth of the plant is in a bad state.
From the seedling stage to the mature stage, tobacco can be infected with the mosaic disease.
Seedling stage of tobacco: It may infected due to the operations of tobacco farmers, such as thinning seedlings.
Growth stage of tobacco seedlings: Tobacco seedlings may infect the mosaic disease due to agricultural activities such as fertilization, priming leaves, and mulching.
Flower buds stage of tobacco: The spread of mosaic disease may be due to the act of putting on caps and picking.
It is only about one week for tobacco from infection to foliar disease, and a temperature of 28-30℃ is the optimum temperature for tobacco mosaic disease. Therefore, when the temperature is lower than 12℃ or higher than 38℃, the incidence of the disease will be reduced to some extent.
It will increase the occurrence of tobacco leaf disease if temperature fluctuations, drought, and sudden changes in temperature after the tobacco plant transplant.
symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus diseases
Tobacco mosaic disease is infectious. At the early stage of the mosaic disease, there are bright veins in the new leaves, dark green and light green, and the mesophyll tissues around the seams are lighter in color, showing a translucent shape, and spread from the root of the leaf to the tip of the leaf.
The rear leaves' appearance will change significantly, forming a yellow-green tobacco mosaic disease.
Treatment of tobacco mosaic virus diseases
1. Reduce the Source of the Virus
An effective way to reduce the incidence of foliar diseases is dry-water rotation. But as for the legume, aubergine and crucifer families, it is not suitable for dry-water rotations.
The agricultural tools need to be sanitized before planting.
During the daily farming operations, tools need to be clean and non-toxic. The diseased tobacco strains need to be disposed of in timely and appropriately.
Choose suitable tobacco varieties, and breed disease-free tobacco seedlings. The utilization of straw return technology can improve the soil structure and improve the resistance of tobacco plants to disease and has a specific effect.
2. Chemical Control
The proliferation of aphids will increase the spread of foliar diseases, killing them can effectively reduce the rate of foliar disease infection. The control of aphids can be carried out with the choice of oxaliplatin, vanillin, imidacloprid, etc.
The best results can be achieved by spraying the right parts of the tobacco plant with 80% zinc dexen 500 times dilution once a week for three weeks in the early stages of foliar disease.
The spray of disinfectant can be used for prevention during agricultural processes such as leaf-cutting, seed removal, and topping, and can last for two weeks at a time.
Studies show that if the disease is found in the tobacco field, it needs to be sprayed and fertilized with water immediately to have a good yield retention effect.
3. Organic Solution
The utilization of plant elicitors like harpin protein and chitosan oligosaccharide, can excite the immune system response of plants. Plants can use their own immunity to fight the virus and be healthier and greener.
The utilization of amino acids, and seaweed fertilizer can enhance plant nutrient utilization and plants' resistance to climate change and other stresses.
The use of humic acid can enhance soil structure and avoid secondary damage to plants by soil clumping.
Long-term utilization of microbial fertilizers can balance the soil flora effectively, inhibit the invasion of harmful diseases, stimulate the immune response of the plant, and maintain functional growth status.
Beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae can avoid the reproduction of aphids effectively. The use of such microbes can help the world's environmental protection cause.
In conclusion, the methods to slow the spread of viral diseases are as follows:
1. Select and breed excellent tobacco varieties;
2. Pay attention to the disinfection of appliances while maintaining scientific management of water fertilizer;
3. Reasonable use of biostimulants;
4. Immediate destruction of disease-causing plants to prevent spread.
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