Prevention and control of plant diseases and pests

Plant pest control measures are through planting management and using advanced planting technology to make garden plants grow well, improve their ability to resist pests and diseases, eliminate or reduce the sources of pests and diseases, or improve plant growth conditions to inhibit the growth of pests and diseases, while having A series of cultivation measures that are beneficial to the growth of plants can directly or indirectly eliminate and inhibit the growth and harm of pests and diseases. So how to prevent and control crop pests?
1. Physical prevention and control
The use of physical means, mechanical equipment and some modern tools and technologies to control pests and diseases is called physical and mechanical control methods. This method includes both simple and ancient manual hunting methods, as well as the application of modern physical technology. The content of physical control mainly includes hunting, trapping, selection, barrier, temperature treatment and the application of atomic energy and ultrasonic waves.
2. Chemical control
Chemical control is a method of controlling pests and diseases using various toxin-containing agents. The advantages of chemical control are that it is fast and efficient, the method is simple, and it is not subject to environmental restrictions. It can use large-area mechanized operations, but it also has certain side effects. Therefore, the following points need to be noted when using chemical control.
(1) It should only be used when it is absolutely necessary. Target prevention and control should be implemented. Try to use chemicals that are selective, low-toxic, and less polluting. Use less or no broad-spectrum pesticides. The types of pesticides and mixed formulas must be changed frequently. Avoid the development of insecticide resistance in pests.
(2) The application technique of pharmaceuticals must be improved. At present, conventional spray methods are basically used in the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Conventional spraying methods are not only inefficient and wasteful of pesticides, but more importantly, a large amount of pesticides are lost into the air, which can easily cause poisoning of humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the pesticide application technology and try to use root application, stem coating and injection methods to reduce spray pollution. Improve the utilization rate of chemical pesticides and reduce their release rate into the environment, thereby protecting our ecological environment and preventing the deterioration of urban ecology.
3. Biological control
Using antibiotic-producing microorganisms to control soil-borne fungal diseases. Most plant pathogenic microorganisms are parasites, and they are often parasitized by other microorganisms at certain stages of their lives, thereby losing their ability to infect and cause disease or even being killed. Use of inhibitory soils. Pathogens cannot survive or reproduce after being introduced; pathogens can survive and infect, but the infected host suffers very little damage; pathogens can cause serious diseases in this kind of soil, but after a few years or decades of peak incidence, the disease will Reduce to a trivial level. The exudates from plant roots mainly include sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, auxins, nucleic acids, molds, etc., which accumulate around the roots and form a rich nutrient belt, stimulating the proliferation of bacteria and other microorganisms. This effect is called rhizosphere effect. The effects of root exudates include mineralization of nutrients, symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, mycorrhiza formation, and effects on the activities of pathogenic microorganisms and other microorganisms.